In India, land measurement units vary significantly across different regions, reflecting the country's diverse cultural and historical practices. Here's an overview of both global standard units and regional units commonly used in India:
Global Standard Land Measurement Units:
- Square Foot (sq ft): Approximately 0.092903 square meters.
- Square Yard (sq yd or yd²): Equals 9 square feet or about 0.836127 square meters.
- Square Meter (sq m): Equivalent to 10.7639 square feet.
- Acre (ac): Comprises 43,560 square feet, 4,840 square yards, or 4,046.85 square meters.
- Hectare (ha): Contains 107,639 square feet, 11,959 square yards, or 10,000 square meters; equivalent to 2.47 acres.
Regional Land Measurement Units:
North India:
- Bigha: Varies by state; for example, in Bihar, 1 Bigha equals 27,220 sq ft, while in Punjab, it's 9,070 sq ft.
- Biswa: Typically 1/20 of a Bigha; in Uttar Pradesh, 1 Biswa equals 1,350 sq ft.
- Kanal: Common in Punjab and Haryana; 1 Kanal equals 5,445 sq ft.
- Killa: Predominantly in Haryana and Punjab; 1 Killa equals 4,840 sq yd (1 acre).
South India:
- Cent: Used in Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Karnataka; 1 Cent equals 435.6 sq ft.
- Ground: Common in Tamil Nadu; 1 Ground equals 2,400 sq ft.
- Ankanam: Found in parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka; 1 Ankanam equals 72 sq ft.
- Guntha: Utilized in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka; 1 Guntha equals 1,089 sq ft.
East India:
- Kattha: Varies by state; in Assam, 1 Kattha equals 2,880 sq ft, while in West Bengal, it's 720 sq ft.
- Dhur: In Bihar, 1 Dhur equals 68.0625 sq ft; in Tripura, it's 3.6 sq ft.
- Lecha: Used in Assam; 1 Lecha equals 144 sq ft.
West India:
- Bigha: In Gujarat, 1 Bigha equals 17,424 sq ft; in Rajasthan, it's 27,255 sq ft.
Central India:
- Bigha: In Madhya Pradesh, 1 Bigha equals 12,000 sq ft.
- Kattha: In Madhya Pradesh, 1 Kattha equals 600 sq ft.
Understanding these regional units and their conversions to standard units like square feet or acres is crucial for real estate transactions and land dealings across India.
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